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Antony Lee Turbeville

What Does Medicaid Cover?

Medicaid is a federal-state partnership program that assists low-income individuals and families in obtaining health care coverage. Medicaid covers many benefits and services, but some are optional. Most Medicaid recipients are enrolled in managed care plans or receive health care on a fee-for-service basis, with some receiving coverage through premium assistance programs. These arrangements help Medicaid enrollees save money while still receiving high-quality care.

Medicaid is a federal-state partnership that provides medical and health services to people who qualify for income-based benefits, such as children, pregnant women, the elderly, and adults with disabilities. It has long-term benefits for enrolled students, such as improved health outcomes and a reduction in the need for emergency care and hospitalizations.

Medicaid funding varies by state. The federal government contributes a fixed cost percentage known as the federal medical assistance percentage (FMAP), with states picking up the rest.

The FMAP financing structure enables Medicaid to respond to economic and policy changes, allowing state programs to meet the needs of their residents. However, it raises concerns about the federal government and states sharing funding. States have used legal loopholes to maximize federal funds, sometimes through financing arrangements that artificially inflate the FMAP.

Medicaid provides coverage for various healthcare services, including hospital and physician care, X-rays and lab work, dental and vision care, home health care, nursing facility care, and prescription drugs. It also covers children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities.

Low-income people who meet certain income eligibility requirements based on household size can qualify for Medicaid. These include children, pregnant women, parents, and impoverished adults. Furthermore, the law allows Medicaid to cover a wide range of optional benefits. Dental and vision care, hearing aids, and personal care services for people with disabilities and the elderly are examples of such services.

Many low-income families get Medicaid coverage from managed care organizations (MCOs), which work with states to provide comprehensive services. Others receive care through Medicaid fee-for-service, which pays providers a set amount for services. Managed care has lower per-enrollee costs than fee-for-service Medicaid, ensuring all beneficiaries have access to the required services.

Unlike Medicare and private health insurance, Medicaid covers long-term care, including nursing home care and many home and community-based services. These services include assisted living, adult day care, foster care, and other options to assist seniors and people with disabilities in living independently and staying as active as possible. Eligibility for long-term care services varies by state, but it is typically linked to the number of ADLs for which an individual requires assistance. Bathing, dressing, eating, and mobility are all examples.

In addition, the state of New York provides managed long-term care (MLTC) plans that cover these services and other health services such as prescriptions, medical equipment, and dental and vision care. Participants in MLTC can also select their primary care physicians and use their supplemental Medicaid and Medicare benefits to pay for their care.

Furthermore, some states provide "institutional" Medicaid services, which include comprehensive inpatient benefits in hospitals, intermediate care facilities for people with intellectual disabilities, and nursing homes. These services provide complete care for the person residing in the institution, including room and board.

Medicaid covers a wide range of mental health services, including both in-person and online therapy. It also includes medication, which can help people manage their symptoms and improve their overall health.

Because low-income people may struggle to pay for behavioral health care, the Affordable Care Act requires that all Marketplace plans cover mental health treatment. This includes counseling and psychotherapy, which can be beneficial in treating various mental health disorders.

However, there are still barriers to accessing these services, such as limited provider networks, a lack of compliance with parity laws, and high costs. It is critical to increasing access to mental health services to address the impact of behavioral health issues on individuals and their families.

Medicaid members in states with expanded coverage can now access mental health and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment services. This can be a life-saving resource, but states must maintain adequate provider networks and funding to support these services.

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